Know Your Immune Warriors


Our body has innate mechanism to fight against bacteria, viruses, pathogens etc. These cells who protect us from antigens are called as lymphocytes. There are various types of lymphocytes who perform different tasks. Some of them have been mentioned below.

Natural killer (NK) cells are native immune cells that show strong cytolytic function (disintegration of cells) against physiologically stressed cells such as tumor cells and virus-infected cells. They also respond quickly to a wide variety of pathological challenges.

Cytotoxic T cells expressing cell-surface CD8 (protein) are the most powerful effectors in the anticancer immune response and form the backbone of current successful cancer immunotherapies.

B cells, unlike the above two classes, T cells and natural killer cells, express B cell receptors (BCRs) on their cell membrane. These BCRs allow the B cell to bind to a foreign antigen, to which it will initiate an antibody response.

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a specialized category of T cells that act to suppress immune response, in order to maintain homeostasis and self-tolerance. It has been shown that Regulatory T cells are able to inhibit T cell proliferation and cytokine production and play a critical role in preventing autoimmunity.

CD4 helper T cells are a type of T cell that plays an important role in the adaptive immune system. As the name suggests, they "help" the activity of other immune cells by releasing cytokines, small protein mediators that alter the behaviour of target cells that express receptors for those cytokines. These cells help to split the immune response into the appropriate kind depending on the nature of the immunological insult (viral, bacterial, pathogens, etc.)

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